Подготовка к различного рода олимпиадам по английскому языку требует от обучающихся высокого уровня развития умений в основных видах речевой деятельности (аудирование, чтение, письмо, говорение) и высокой степени сформированности фонетических, лексических и грамматических навыков.
Одна из трудностей, с которой сталкиваются обучающиеся при подготовке к олимпиадам различного уровня, это ограниченный словарный запас, незнание устойчивых выражений/ коллокаций (collocations) и сложности в распознавании и узнавании некоторых грамматических структур.
С целью научить обучающихся узнавать знакомые коллокации в предложении/ тексте, можно предлагать задания на вставку подходящего слова (gap filling). При этом важно учить их обращать внимание на слова до и/или после «пропуска», т.к. они могут быть своего рода подсказкой.
Ex. 1. Read the sentences below and fill in a suitable word. Put the words into the correct form.
1. The conference will ________ opportunities for people to share experiences, learn from each other and develop new strategies.
2. Methanol had long provided a good _________ to gasoline.
3. … but trees and plants need to __________ growth for strong trunks.
4. If you are really allergic to something they use on the food you shouldn't be working here. You may _________ a reaction because of fumes or by skin contact.
5. Being very active and less sedentary __________ heart risk.
6. I've always been __________ with people that have at least started to learn a language by watching movies.
7. Can anyone with experience offer ___________ here?
8. Some of benefits of having a robopet are around stimulating conversations or ____________ memories of their own pets or past experience
Keys. 1. offer; 2. alternative; 3. stimulate; 4. trigger; 5. reduce; 6. impressed; 7. advice; 8. triggering
Ex. 2. Read the text and fill in a suitable word. Put the words into the correct form.
Cathy Freeman - an Australian Legend
Cathy Freeman was the first Aboriginal to be (1) _________ for the Australian athletics team. Then in 2000, on one incredibly emotional night at the Olympic Games in Sydney she went on to (2) _______ her lifelong ambition of winning a gold medal. When she wrapped herself in both the Australian and Aboriginal flags after the race and ran round the running (3) _________, millions of Australians wanted to believe that Australian settlers and Aboriginals could finally (4) __________ together. Cathy has always accepted her position as a role (5) _________ to other Aboriginal children, telling them that "like me, you can do whatever you want if you (6) __________ your heart on it." After her great triumph in 2000, Cathy (7) ________ a 15-month break from competing. She spent the time in the United States with her husband, learning Italian and working as a volunteer for a newspaper that actively (8) _________ homeless people. She was troubled by injuries and personal problems, and wasn't (9) __________ it effort needed. As a result, in races she did not have the success she had grown used to. Eventually, Cathy conceded that the (10) ________ was too great and in 2003, announced her decision to retire.
Keys. 1. selected; 2. fulfil; 3. track; 4. come; 5. model; 6. set; 7. took; 8. support; 9. giving; 10. challenge.
С целью формирования грамматического навыка в ходе подготовки к олимпиадам можно использовать следующие упражнения и задания:
Задание на поиск ошибок (error correction).
Ex. 3. Read the text and find 15 mistakes. Correct the mistakes.
(ошибки выделены в самом тексте)
The United States Armed Forces is the military forces of the United States. It consists from the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, Space Force, and Coast Guard. The president of the United States is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces and forms military policy with the Department of Defense (DoD) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The Secretary of the Department of Defense is at charge of all the branches of the military, accept the Coast Guard. The Coast Guard is separate from the others branches of the Armed Forces. As the smallest of the military branches, it is part of the Department of Homeland Security.
From the time of his inception, the U.S. Armed Forces played a decisive role in the formation and history of the United States dated back to the Revolutionary War.
The British Armed Forces, also knowed as Her Majesty's Armed Forces, are the military services responsible for the defense of the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and the Crown dependencies. They also promote the UK's wider interests, support international peacekeeping afforts and provide humanitarian aid. Today, the British Armed Forces include Royal Navy, a blue-water navy with a fleet of 77 commissioned ship, together with the Royal Marines, a highly specialize amphibious light infantry force; the British Army, the UK's principal land warfare branch; and the Royal Air Force, a technological sophisticated air force with a diverse operational fleet comprising both fixed-wing or rotary aircraft. The British Armed Forces include standing forces, Regular Reserve, Volunteer Reserves and Sponsored Reserves.
Head of the Armed Forces is the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, to whom members of the forces swear allegiance. Long-standing constitutional convention, however, has vested de facto executive authority in the Prime Minister and the Secretary of State for Defense. The Prime Minister (acting with the Cabinet) makes the key decisions on the use of the armed forces. The Queen is remained the supreme authority of the military. The UK Parliament approves the continued existance of the British Army by passing a Armed Forces Act at least once every five years, as required by the Bill of Rights 1689. The Royal Navy, Royal Air Force and Royal Marines do not require this act. The armed forces is managed by the Defense Council of the Ministry of Defense, headed by the Secretary of State for Defense.
Упражнения на трансформацию предложений согласно заданию.
Ex. 4. Complete the sentences below using the word in brackets. You can use up to four words, including the word given.
(грамматический материал: страдательный залог)
1. Thailand has a problem with unemployed elephants which ______________ (drive) on to the streets by the country's economic crisis and a loss of traditional employment.
2. Many of them ____________ (feed) by tourists who like ___________ (take) photographs of them.
3. Major traffic problems _________________ (cause) by homeless elephants wandering the streets.
4. Traffic _________________ (bring) to a standstill one day by a raging bull elephant which _________________ (frighten) by the sounds of motorcycles and cars.
5. Another elephant _____________ (die) after _______________ (hit) by a car in Bangkok last month.
Ex. 5. Rewrite the sentences using the words in the brackets. You can use up to four words, including the word given.
(грамматический материал: инверсия и др. конструкции)
1. (sooner) I opened the front door and the musicians started to come in and complain. ______________________
2. (not, only) They were unhappy that their next concert had been cancelled, they were also very angry that they hadn't been paid for weeks. ____________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. I tried to explain that I only looked after the Concert Hall and (nothing) didn't do anything with money or music. _______________________
____________________
4. They said that a lot of tickets had been sold, but they didn't know (idea) where the money had gone. _______________
5. I didn't know it either (nor, I), I kept telling. ____________________________
6. (not, until) Two days later we found that the concert organizer had run off with all the money. _____________________