Цели урока: образовательная (активизация лексики по теме, ее отработка и закрепление; развитие навыков монологических высказываний по теме; развитие навыков построения диалогической речи по теме; развитие навыков восприятия иностранной речи на слух; воспитательная (воспитание культуры общения и поведения); развивающая (развитие у учащихся лингвострановедческого интереса к изучаемой теме; развитие внимания и восприятия, развитие лингвистического мышления и воображения).
Материальное обеспечение урока: рефераты учащихся по истории костюма с древних времен и до наших дней; сценарий постановки; костюмы сделанные учащимися; картинки, иллюстрирующие тему обсуждения; диск с записью музыкальных фрагментов; раздаточный материал с упражнениями для проверки активной лексики; раздаточный материал с заданиями для проверки восприятия иностранной речи на слух.
Тип урока: интегрированный, комбинированный
Ход урока
1. Приветствие, речевая разминка, сообщение темы урока, отработка навыков построения монологической речи.
Учитель: Why do we wear shoes? Why do we wear hats? Why do we wear glasses?
What clothing is in fashion among your peers?
Произвольные ответы учеников.
Учитель: But what was in fashion many years ago? What clothes and accessories did our ancestors wear? I think we’ll find the answers to these questions in our new course “The history of mankind’s clothing” which we’ve recently started. The history of clothing is very long and covers several stages, the prehistoric, ancient world, medieval, renaissance and so on. Of course we won’t be able to speak on all these stages during one lesson or two. So, today we’ll try do discuss what people living in the prehistoric and ancient times wore.
Before we start, try to find out what was in fashion a long time ago.
Учитель раздает карточки с упражнениями; Приложение 1.
Учитель: Take your cards and do exercise 1. Match the names of the clothes and accessories with their descriptions.
Учитель проверяет выполнение задания.
2. Отработка и закрепление лексики. Отработка навыков построения монологической и диалогической речи; отработка навыков восприятия иностранной речи на слух - в форме мини-пьесы.
Учитель: At the previous lessons I asked some pupils to find and prepare the material on the topic. They have worked very hard and prepared really interesting reports, they have also written a script of the mini-play and made the costumes. Today they’ll represent their characters in a mini-play and will tell you what people wore in their times. And, you, the rest, are travelers who have a good opportunity to visit these times in the imaginary time machine. Dear travelers, during your journey you have to do three tasks:
- to learn what people wore in the prehistoric and ancient times;
- to discuss the occupations of the characters;
- to find out what modern people have taken from these times and use nowadays.
Учитель раздает путешественникам “Notebook Sheets”; Приложение 2.
Учитель: So, our travel begins. But before we meet out characters tell me please when and what for did people start to wear clothing?
Путешественник 1: People have been wearing clothes for thousands of years. But we’re not absolutely certain why prehistoric man first did so. There must have been various reasons:
- Clothing was needed for protection from the weather and perhaps from injury while hunting;
- A less practical reason was for decoration.
- An early myth suggests that people first covered their bodies for reasons of modesty.
Путешественник 2: The clothing history is very old. Many years have passed since the time the first man stopped using the clothing only for protection and started to use it as an aesthetic symbol of the historic epoch he lived in. Clothing and accessories tell us a lot about people’s lives. “We are what we wear”, says the proverb. And that is right. We can say that clothing is a kind of language. We often put on clothes and accessories to show the kind of people we are and what we think about ourselves. From what people wear we can often tell their age, whether they are male or female, where they come from, their religious beliefs, whether they are married, what their jobs are, what sports they do.
Учитель: Thank you children.
Звучит музыкальный фрагмент, соответствующий доисторическому времени.
Учитель: Oh, our time machine has stopped. Dear travelers, you are in the prehistoric time. At the previous lesson I asked you to find some information about the clothing of prehistoric people. What have you learnt?
Путешественник 3: Anthropologists say people started to wear clothes between 100.000 to 500.000 years ago. The first clothes were made from natural elements: animal skin and furs, grasses and leaves, bones and shells. Clothing was often draped or tied. Later first people began to sew leather and fur garments with the help of simple needles made out of animal bones.
Учитель: Very good. Now meet our first character. This is Otzi.
Otzi: Hi! My name is Otzi. I lived many thousand years ago in the Otztal region in Italy. My life was very difficult. To earn my living I had to walk a lot in the mountains practically every day, so I usually wore a cap, a coat and leggings made of brown bear fur. I had leather boots and a grass cape. These clothes kept me warm and dry in the mountains. I was 45 when I froze to death in the Alps. In 1991 people found my frozen body. Nearby they found a copper axe, a stone knife, a bow and 14 arrows.
Учитель: Boys and girls! Look at Otzi’s clothing. What can you tell me about this character. Can you guess his occupation?
Путешественник 4: I think that the climate of the region where Otzi lived was very cold because he had to wear a cap, a coat and fur leggings.
Путешественник 5: I think that Otzi was a shepherd who died in the mountains while looking after his sheep.
Путешественник 1: I think that Otzi was a hunter because his clothing was made of animal skins. He had an axe, a knife, a bow and arrows
Путешественник 2: I think that Otzi lived approximately in the Stone-and-Copper age as he had a copper axe and a stone knife. People began to melt copper in the 7th to 5th century b.c.
Учитель: Well, Otzi. Is it right?
Otzi: Yes, I lived 5000 years ago.
Учитель: Very good, children. Although Otzi’s clothing and accessoris tells us what kind of man he was, we will never know for certain what happened to him in the Alps.
Звучит музыкальный фрагмент, соответствующий древнему Египту.
Учитель: And now our next stop – ancient Egypt (3000 b.c to 1000 a.c.). Who’s waiting for us?
Nophret: Hi! My name is Nophret. I lived in ancient Egypt more than 3000 years ago. Do you know that clothing in ancient Egypt was practically unchangeable and monotonous? Basic male clothing for the Old Kingdom was a woven loincloth wrapped around the hips and held at the waist by a belt, called a girdle. Men wore capes on shoulders. By the time of the Middle Kingdom a long garment called a “Kalasiris” was developed. For men it was a skirt worn at the waist. For women it was a long dress, worn under or over the breast and held with one or two straps. Sometimes the women wore full-length garments with sleeves. The exposure of the female breasts was common among the ancient Egyptians. The clothing was made of natural off-white linen.
Путешественник 3: Nophret, what clothing did poor people wear?
Nophret: Poor people wore shorter garments. Nobles, priests and royalty wore the longer version.
Путешественник 4: Nophret, I know that Egyptians are usually shown bare-footed. Did they wear any shoes?
Nophret: Yes, of course. But they wore them only outside. Shoes were sandals made of leather or dried grass called rushes. By the way, both men and women wore jewellery. Both men and women wore wigs and painted their eyelids with kohl.
Путешественник 5: Nophret, why did people wear wigs?
Nophret: They shaved their heads. It was in fashion. Moreover, women painted their lips and coloured their fingernails with a reddish-orange dye like modern women do now.
Учитель: Dear travelers, what can you tell me about Nophret’s occupation?
Путешественник 1: Perhaps Nophret is of a royal stock. She has a cape. The fabric of her cloth contains gold threads.
Путешествениик 2: I think that your are right. Nophret has a wide collar made of gold and semi-precious stones. I know that such collar wore only rich people. Besides, she has many bracelets on her arms and on her head she wears a diadem.
Учитель: Nophret, are we right?
Nophret: Yes, I am princess Nophret and my father is the Pharough.
Учитель: Thank you Princess Nophret, but we should continue our journey. Our next stop is ancient Rome.
Звучит музыкальный фрагмент, соответствующий древнему Риму.
Учитель: Dear travelers, meet our new characters, Markus and Cornelia
Мarqus and Cornelia (вместе): Hi! I’m Markus and I’m Cornelia. We lived in Rome more than 2000 years ago.
Markus: We want to tell you some words about our clothing and accessories. Early Roman men wore a shirt like tunic and a toga over the tunic. It was the formal and ceremonial dress throughout the Republic until the end of the Western Roman Empire. A toga was a wool oval of cloth about three times the length of the wearer. It was draped over one shoulder and wrapped around the body. Only Roman men could wear the toga but women, slaves and foreigners could not. The size the shape of the toga, as well as the color of the border, indicated the social position of the wearer. People could tell how important and wealthy a person was by looking at his toga. A Roman senator, for example, wore a white toga ten yards long.
Cornelia: Early Roman women wore a long tunic which reached to the knees. The tunic was made of wool, later of cotton, then of silk. The Roman women often wore the second tunic over the first one. It was called a stolla. The stola was draped as a head covering and cloak.
Путешественник 3: Cornelia, what was in fashion in ancient Rome?
Cornelia: Oh, jewelry and hairstyle, of course. Roman women loved ornate necklaces, pins, earrings, bracelets and friendship rings. Pearls were favourites. Women often dyed their hair, usually golden-red. They used wigs and false hairpieces. They wore their hair up, in carefully arranged styles, held with jeweled hairpins. Parasols were also used.
Путешественник 4: Markus, what shoes did ancient Romans wear?
Markus: Romans’ street shoes were made of leather. In the house they wore sandals.
Путешественник 5: Markus, did Roman men wear jewelry?
Markus: Yes, like women men wore rings too, but only citizens. Good manners dictated to wear only one ring, but some man did not follow “good taste” and wore as many as sixteen rings.
Путешественник 1: Cornelia, did modern people inherit anything from ancient Romans?
Cornelia: Oh, two important things from Roman wedding dress: the veil and the wedding ring, and, of course, a parasol.
Учитель: Thank you, Markus and Cornelia. Now our next stop is ancient Greece. Dear travelers, meet our next character.
Звучит музыкальный фрагмент, соответствующий древней Греции.
Theodora: Hi, my name is Theodora. I lived in Greece 2000 years ago. I want to tell you some words about our clothing. Clothing in ancient Greece was made from linen or wool. It was very simple. Lengths of material were held in place with pins and sashes or belts. Women dressed modestly in ancient Greece. They wore long ankle-length tunics while men’s tunics were shorter. The basic clothings were himation, peplos and chiton. Women wore them as a puff-pastry. The first clothing was a chiton. Women wore chitons mostly at home. It was “bad taste” to wear only chitons outside. Then women put a peplos. It was worn outside. In winter they wore a himation which was put over a chiton and a peplos. Women in many areas wore veils whenever they left the house. A dark veil was a sign of mouring in ancient Greece.
Путешественник 2: Theodora, What clothing did men wear in ancient Greece?
Theodora: Men wore chitons too, but young men wore shorter ones. Travellers and warriors wore the chlamys. The chlamys was a cloak doubled or pinned over the right shoulder making the right arm free. In winter men wore himations like women.
Путещественние 3: Theodora, what shoes did ancient Greeks wear?
Theodora: Like Romans ancient Greeks wore sandals, soft shoes and even semi-boots.
Путешественник 4: What hairstyle was in fashion in ancient Greece?
Theodora: Long and fluffy hair of women was in fashion in ancient Greece. The classical hairstyle was the so-called Greek knot. Like Roman women Greek women used wigs, hairpieces and various make-up. Men had short-cut hair, beard and moustaches.
Учитель: My dear travelers, what can you tell me about Cornelia, Markus and Theodora as people?
Путешественник 5: I think that Cornelia and Theodora are of rich stocks. Their clothing is rich. They have much jewelry. Their hair is perfectly arranged.
Путешественник 1: I think that Markus is a poor young man. He wears a short and very simple toga. He doesn’t have any rings.
Учитель: Good for you. Thank you Markus, Cornelia and Theodora. Well, it’s high time to finish our journey. You see, the clothes we wear now are not the same as the clothes our ancestors wore. But is it really so? Dear travelers, now you can compare the things worn in prehistoric and ancient times with what we wear today. Look in your Notebook Sheets. I hope you’ve made necessary entries.Tell me please, what modern people have taken from the ancient cultures?
Путешественник 2: Our clothing is still made from linen and wool but the pieces are sewn together.
Путешественник 3: Modern women dye their hair and use make-up, like ancient ones. Some of them wear wigs
Путешественник 4: We also use sandals made of leather, but we wear them only in summer. I know that toga is still being worn to day by men in Libya.
Путешественник 5: Modern brides have taken two important things from the Roman wedding dress: the veil and the wedding ring. Many women wear dark veils when their relatives die.
Путешественник 6: Parasols are very popular nowadays. People use them both in summer to protect their heads and faces against the sun and in autumn to protect themselves against rain. I can say that both modern women and men wear jewelry now.
Учитель: Good for you. Some things do not change as we can see if we look at clothing of ancient people. Now I’d like to see how attentive you were during our journey. Take your cards and do exercise 2.
Учитель проверяет выполнение задания.
Учитель: Dear children, you know that nowadays there are many subcultures modern teenagers adhere to in their clothing and behavior. They are based on different music styles, for example, rock, heavy metal, rap, hip-hop, rave, reggie, punk, jungle and so on. Today we’ll get acquainted with the punk subculture.
Звучит музыкальный фрагмент панк-рока.
Учитель: Of course this music style is familiar to you. What do you know about this subculture?
Путешественник 1: I know the punk subculture is based around punk rock music style. It was founded in the mid 1970s in such countries as the UK, USA, Canada, Australia and Japan.
Путешественник 3: I think nowadays the punk movement is very popular among our peers
Путешественник 5: I know the punk subculture is not only reflected in music, but in fashion, visual art, dance, literature and films.
Учитель: I know that among you there is a fan of the punk subculture. We’ll ask her to tell us what is in fashion among the punks nowadays.
The punk fan: Leather, rubber and vinyl clothing is very popular. Punks sometimes wear “drainpipe” jeans, plaid or tartan pants, black T-shirts with risky images, rocker jackets. Safety pins and razor blades are used as jewelry. They wear shoes such as sneakers, skate shoes or Dr Martens boots. Some punks style their hair to stand in spikes. They often color it with bright green, red or yellow color. They also have different tattoo symbols on their bodies.
Учитель: Thank you for your very interesting report.
3. Заключительный этап (подведение итогов. Объявление домашнего задания).
Учитель: I thank all of you for your hard and very interesting work. It will be respectively awarded. At the next lessons we’ll speak about the clothing and accessories of the people living in the medieval age. So, you’ll have to find out and prepare the necessary material. It will be your homework.
Используемый материал: Printha Ellis, Ken Wilson, James Taylor “Move Ahead II”, Иллюстрированная Энциклопедия Моды (http.//www.fashion.actyx/ru).